Physiology(生理学双语学习)（不断更新中）

本帖最后由 鬼才 于 2011-5-16 08:51 编辑


Physiology
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER1


AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY
1.1 WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology is branch of biological sciences. The discipline of physiology explores and explains the vital functions of living organisms, including the functions of the component organs, cells，and molecules of the body. There are no clear boundaries between physiology and other biological sciences, and historically，the disciplines of biochemistry, biophysics, neurobiology, and some other separated from physiology and became new branches of biological sciences. The discipline of physiology is also linked inextricably with the discipline of anatomy and histology, because the functional performances of organs and cells are based on their structures. Since there are different types of life, the field of physiology can be divided into animal physiology, human physiology, plant physiology, viral physiology, and subdivisions. Human physiology is also a component part of basic medical sciences. Based on the knowledge of human physiology, that is, how the organs, cell, and molecules function in healthy person under normal conditions, the medical students can in turn study the malfunction of different organs under abnormal or pathologic conditions, and understand why a primary pathologic effect can lead to happening of secondary pathologic effect.
译文：
生理学是生命科学的一个分支。生理学探讨和解释生物体的重要功能。包括机体的器官、细胞和分子的功能。生理学和其他生物学科，历史上没有明确的界限。生物化学，生物物理学，神经生物学等学科，都是从生理学中分出，成为生命科学的新学科。生理学与解剖学及组织学也有着千丝万缕的联系，因为器官和细胞功能的表现是由他们的结构决定的。根据生物类型的不同，生理学被分为动物生理学、人体生理学、植物生理学、病毒生理学和其他分支。人体生理学也是一门基础医学。医学生必须在了解正常人体的器官、细胞和分子功能的基础上，才能学习和理解异常或病理条件下的不同脏器功能的减退，并且懂得一个病变如何影响另一个病变。

　The structure and function of human body are very complicated, and traditionally, the study of physiology has long been conducted in a reductionistic way. In other words, it is believed that the complicated activities of the whole body can be simply explained by considering them as a combination of the activities of all the component parts of the organism. Thus, physiological study have been carried out on individual organs. Such as the heart, stomach, kidney, or on individual organ systems, such as the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, or urinary system.
译文：
人体的结构和功能非常复杂，有相当长一段时间人们用还原论的方式进行生理学的研究。换句话说，整个人体的复杂的运动可以简单地看成是机体所有器官运动的组合。因此，生理学已进入到了对单个的器官，如心，胃，肾；或单个器官系统，如心血管，胃肠，或泌尿系统的研究。